Passive Voice

File 5 C Have don't have to / must / musn't

Have to - Positives, Negatives, and Questions

---

Have to is a construction (structure). It is not a modal verb. We use auxiliary verbs do and does to form questions and negatives. Examples: Positive I have to work very unsociable hours. She has to wear a uniform. Negative I don't have to work at weekends. John doesn't have to do any work at home. Question Do I have to pay in advance? Does your father have to travel a lot at his job?

Click on the links to do the exercise:

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/do_not_have_to.htm

http://www.better-english.com/grammar/mustnt.htm

http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.mustnt.i.htm

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/musthaveto/menu.php

What makes you feel good

Dancing is my favourite passtime and this year I'll start to sing in a choir.
She loves doing yoga and  trying new asanas is her new goal.
Mónica and Ana María

I really  like riding my bike in rural roads and enjoy doing it with friends. I decided to do it every weeekend to be fit. I ' ve felt better since then.
Leo and María Luz


I enjoy walking on the bank of the Paraná river on Sundays and visiting the retro markets to buy antiques.
Erica and Carla


On sunday, we enjoy going to the cinema. before watching the movie we buy coke and chips while we decide what movie we want to see.

jonatan y miriam


I really like panting in my free time and of course doing it very well. I decided to travel around Europe and to go to museaum and art galleries.
Daiana and Maria.

Sunbathing on the beach on my holidays and walking along the sea shore. I usually go to the theatre when there is a good play on.
Juan Santiago and Evelina

Verbs + to infinitive & Verbs + "ing"

Infinitive or -ing?

Sometimes we need to decide whether to use a verb in its:

• -ing form (doing, singing)
  
  or
• infinitive form (to do, to sing).

For example, only one of the following sentences is correct. Which one?

• I dislike working late. (???)
• I dislike to work late. (???)

When to use the infinitive

The infinitive form is used after certain verbs:
- forget, help, learn, teach, train
- choose, expect, hope, need, offer, want, would like
- agree, encourage, pretend, promise
- allow, can/can't afford, decide, manage, mean, refuse

• I forgot to close the window.
• Mary needs to leave early.
• Why are they encouraged to learn English?
• We can't afford to take a long holiday.

The infinitive form is always used after adjectives, for example:
- disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised

• I was happy to help them.
• She will be delighted to see you.

This includes too + adjective:

• The water was too cold to swim in.
• Is your coffee too hot to drink?

The infinitive form is used after adjective + enough:

• He was strong enough to lift it.
• She is rich enough to buy two.

When to use -ing

The -ing form is used when the word is the subject of a sentence or clause:

• Swimming is good exercise.
• Doctors say that smoking is bad for you.

The -ing form is used after a preposition:

• I look forward to meeting you.
• They left without saying "Goodbye."

The -ing form is used after certain verbs:
- avoid, dislike, enjoy, finish, give up, mind/not mind, practise

• I dislike getting up early.
• Would you mind opening the window?

Some verbs can be followed by the -ing form or the infinitive without a big change in meaning: begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start.

• It started to rain.
• It started raining.
• I like to play tennis.
• I like playing tennis.

CLICK ON THE LINKS TO PRACTICE:

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/gerund_infinitiv.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/index.htm

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/infinitive-

gerundhttp://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/gerinf1.htm

What can you do? Can you understand this text?

Audrey Hepburn’s Wedding Dress Sold at Auction

Kerry Taylor Auctions 

Aupburn’s Wedding Dress Sold at Auction Wednesday December 9, 2009 12:11 PM Kerry Taylor Auctions Audrey Hepburn’s ivory satin wedding dress sold for nearly $23,000 at an auction in London on Tuesday. The dress, which was designed in 1952 by the Fontana sisters, was made for Hepburn’s wedding to businessman James Hanson. The actress ended up calling off the wedding and asked that the dress be given, “to someone who could never afford a dress like mine, the most beautiful, poor Italian girl you can find.” The recipient was Amabile Altobella who wore the dress when she married a local farm worker. “I have had a happy marriage, so the dress brought me luck,” Altobella said after donating it. 

Wednesday December 9, 2009 12:11 PM

We're all afraid - vocabulary

Frightened
Scared
Terrified
Alarmed
Paranoid

These words all describe feeling or showing fear.

Afraid [not before noun] feeling fear; worried that something bad might happen:
There's nothing to be afraid of. Aren't you afraid (that) you'll fall?
Frightened: feeling fear; worried that something bad might happen:
a frightened child
She was frightened that the glass would break.
Scared (rather informal) feeling fear; worried that something bad might happen:
The thieves got scared and ran away.

afraid, frightened or scared?

Scared is more informal, more common in speech, and often describes small fears. Afraid cannot come before a noun. It can only take the preposition of, not about. If you are afraid/frightened/scared of somebody/something/doing something or afraid/frightened/scared to do something, you think you are in danger of being hurt or suffering in some way.

If you are frightened/scared about something/doing something, it is less a fear for your personal safety and more a worry that something unpleasant might happen.

Terrified: very frightened:
I was terrified (that) she wouldn't come.
She looked at him with wide, terrified eyes.
Alarmed: afraid that something dangerous or unpleasant might happen:
She was alarmed at the prospect of travelling alone.
Paranoid (rather informal) afraid or suspicious of other people and believing that they are trying to harm you, in a way that is not reasonable:
You're just being paranoid
.afraid/frightened/scared of spiders.
Frightened/scared/paranoid about
…afraid/frightened/scared/terrified that
…afraid/frightened/scared to open the door, etc.
Don't be afraid/frightened/scared/alarmed.

WRITING

Adolescent fear: Adolescence is a complicated life phase when the body, feelings and mind of a person change. In this stage, all people are afraid of different things: somebody feels fear about his/her future; somebody feels fear about his/her present life. In these moments, hormone levels change all the time, and the person is confused about his feelings and thinking. Women are more perceptible than men of their body changes. Their bodies become strange to them. In this moment, a woman needs to control her body and thinks that if she becomes thin, she will control her body. So, many women begin to eat less and do a lot of exercise. But, they should understand that all things that they feel are normal, their body is changing, and they do not have to be scared or worried about how they or their bodies look, what other people think about the way they have to look or how they have to think. Adolescence is the most important life phase, because It is when some people define what kind of person he/she will be, and what kind of values are going to be important to him/her in future.
Virginia Perdono

The Leg of Lamb by Roald Dahl

View Roald Dahl fficial site. Click here

This is probably the most well–known of all Dahl's short stories, simply because (in my opinion) it's so simple. There isn't a single wasted word in it. It's gripping, shocking, and yet the story proceeds in such a rational manner that the reader's suspension of disbelief is never broken. We are with Mary Maloney from the first sentence of the story, and only at the end do we realize that we never really knew her at all.

Spoiler Warning! Mary Maloney is a devoted wife and expectant mother. She waits happily each night for the arrival of her husband Patrick, home from work at the police station. On this particular night, though, she can tell something is wrong. In disbelief, she listens as Patrick tells her that he is leaving her for another woman. [Actually Dahl never really says this; the details are left up to the reader's imagination.] Dazed, she goes into the kitchen to prepare their supper and pulls a large frozen leg of lamb from the deep freeze. Still numb, she carries it into the living room and without warning bashes her husband over the head with it. As she looks at Patrick lying dead on the floor, she slowly begins to come back to her senses. Immediately she realizes the ramifications of what she has done. Not wanting her unborn child to suffer as a result of her crime, she begins planning her alibi. She places the leg of lamb in a pan in the oven and goes down to the corner grocery to get some food for "Patrick's dinner" (making sure the grocer sees her normal and cheerful state of mind). She returns home and screams when she finds Patrick lying on the floor. She calls the police and informs them that she found her husband lying dead on the floor. Within hours swarms of officers are searching the house and conducting an investigation. Mary's story of coming home from the grocer and finding him is corroborated as she had planned. While the police are searching fruitlessly into the night for the murder weapon, Mary offers them some lamb that she had prepared for dinner. They are happy to oblige. While they lounge in the kitchen and discuss the case (their mouths "sloppy" with meat), Mary Maloney sits in the living room and giggles softly to herself.

Classroom Activities

These exercises were sent in by Frankie Meehan, an ESL Teacher at United World College of SE Asia, Singapore. If you have any questions, please e-mail him at frankierose@pacific.net.sg. Thanks Frankie!

NOTE: Any page/line numbers below refer to Tales of the Unexpected, Penguin, 1979. You may need to change them to reflect the particular version of the story you're using.

ANOTHER NOTE: Mr. Meehan acknowledges that the "Perfect Murder" activity is not original. However, he is unaware of the original source.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Jigsaw

The following excerpts all come from the short story. They are jumbled up. Try to arrange them in the correct order.

"For God's sake," he said, hearing her, but not turning round, "don't make supper for me. I'm going out."

"Tired, darling?"

"Yes," he said. "I'm tired."

"It's the old story," he said. "Get the weapon and you've got the man."

"This is going to be a bit of a shock to you, I'm afraid," he said.

When the clock said ten minutes to five, she began to listen, and a few moments later, punctually as always, she heard the tyres on the gravel outside...

"Personally, I think it's right here on the premises."

All the old love and longing for him welled up inside her, and she ran over to him, knelt down beside him, and began to cry her heart out.

"Quick! Come quick! Patrick's dead!"

Soon, other men began to come into the house. First a doctor, then two detectives, one of whom she knew by name.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. The Perfect Murder

What would be the ingredients of the "perfect murder"?

Put the following ideas into order of importance. (Add ideas of your own if you want to.)

a) It should be easy to arrange.

b) It should leave no clues.

c) There should be no noise.

d) It should look like suicide.

e) It should take place in a lonely, isolated place.

f) It should be cheap.

g) No violence should be necessary.

h) It should look like an accident.

i) It should be quick.

j) The murderer should have a good alibi.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------